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Know Your Wood
Topics:
 
Choosing Wood for Ready-To-Finish Furniture
Types of Wood
Definitions
Furniture Construction
CHOOSING WOOD FOR READY-TO-FINISH FURNITURE

Ready-to-finish furniture gives you a wide range of options that can meet all your furniture needs. We offer quality products from both local craftsmen and national manufacturers that will fit any budget.

Wood has always been a favorite material for making furniture, and for good reason:

Wood is available in various colors, grains and hardness. It can be cut and shaped into a large variety of attractive designs.

Wood is shock-resistant and very durable, generally outlasting synthetic materials. Scratches and nicks are easy to touch up.

Wood has lasting value. Genuine wood furniture may cost more in the beginning, but often grows in value as it is handed down from one generation to another.

With ready-to-finish wood furniture, you can add other pieces at any time and match the finish – something that is often not possible with prefinished furniture.

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TYPES OF WOOD

Ready-to-finish furniture is available in many types of wood, each with special characteristics. And because each tree yields lumber with its own grain patterns and character markings, each piece of genuine wood furniture has a unique personality.

You may not be familiar with every type of wood, but all make quality furnishings of various types. We can advise you about the stains and finishes to use for best results on each type. These are the kinds of woods commonly used to make ready-to-finish furniture.

alder ALDER is a hardwood from the Pacific Northwest. It is very consistent in color and takes stain well. It ranks third behind oak and pine as the wood most commonly used for ready-to-finish furniture. Alder gives the look of many fine hardwoods at a reasonable price.
ash ASH grows primarily in the Northeast and Canada. It is a cream-colored hardwood often used for sporting equipment, such as baseball bats. It has an open grain pattern similar to that of oak, and takes stain well.
aspen ASPEN is a softer, light-colored, even-grained hardwood. It accepts most stains well, but nonpenetrating stains work best on this wood.
beech BEECH is a long-fibered, light-colored hardwood with a tight grain much like birch or maple. It is good for bending, takes stain well and is used mainly for chairs and stools.
birch BIRCH is a fine-grained hardwood that grows primarily in the Northeast and Canada. White in color, it takes any color of stain well.
maple MAPLE is especially abundant in the eastern U.S. It is a very light-colored hardwood with a very even grain texture. Eastern maples are generally harder than western maples because of the colder winters and shorter growing seasons. Both are very durable and take any color stain well.
oak OAK is the wood most commonly used for ready-to-finish furniture. It is a very hard, open-grained wood that comes in red or white varieties. Red oak, which has a pinkish cast, is the more popular of the two.
white oak WHITE OAK has a slight greenish cast. Both woods stain well in any color.
parawood PARAWOOD from the Far East is used for much of the furniture made in that part of the world. The wood is as hard as maple or ash and takes a very even stain. It is yellow in color, with a grain similar to mahogany.
pine PINE is a soft wood that comes in many varieties from various parts of the world. In the U.S., Eastern white pine, ponderosa pine and sugar pine are some of the varieties used to make furniture. All have yellow coloring with brown knots and are excellent for staining.
radiata pine RADIATA PINE is a plantation-grown wood from South America that is harder than other pines and has fewer knots. This variety of pine has a beautiful grain pattern and takes stain well.
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DEFINITIONS

Solid Wood means that all exposed parts of the furniture are made of solid board, either softwood or hardwood lumber. No veneers or particle boards are used.

When solid boards are used in furniture construction, they are glued together side by side along the edges. Often, a number of boards are used to make the wood more stable and reduce the chance of warping.

Solid board can always be identified by following a seam to the end, where you find the “end” grain. Many veneers are glued over the edges to look like solid wood, but they will always be faced on the end and show no end grain.

“All-wood furniture” is not necessarily solid wood. A veneer can help you achieve the look you desire at a cost lower than solid lumber. Veneers can be overlaid on plywood or particleboard. If damaged, particleboard will often fracture because the material is so hard it cannot absorb the shock. We do not carry furniture made with particleboard at Country Woods.

There are three types of glue-up in most solid wood furniture:

Plank is made of pieces that have the same length but varying widths.
Laminated is made of pieces that have the same length and width.
Butcher block is made of pieces with varying length but the same width.
veneer Veneer is a thin layer of wood applied in sheets over underlying layers of wood, plywood or particleboard.
plywood Plywood is made of thin layers of solid wood glued over each other with grains running at 90-degree angles to produce a strong core. A veneer is often glued on top.
 
particleboard Particleboard is made by gluing chips and particles of wood together and pressing them into sheets, upon which a veneer can be glued.

Hardness is determined by the specific density of the wood, not by whether a tree is classified as a “hardwood” or “softwood.”

Hardwoods come from deciduous trees (e.g. maple, oak, alder, ash).

Softwoods come from conifers (e.g. pine, spruce, fir)

Some hardwoods, such as balsa wood, are softer than some softwoods, such as pine.

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FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION

Drawer construction is generally a good indication of overall furniture quality. Some drawers have no guides. The lack of guides allows more “play” and can cause the drawer to bind when it is opened and closed. Others have wood-to-wood center guides, nylon-to-wood center guides, side-mounted roller guides or center-mounted metal guides.

Roller guides and center-mounted metal guides normally have built-in drawer stops, and some have lifetime warranties for drawer operation.

Many drawers have glue-blocks to strengthen the bottom. Most ready-to-finish chests have wood drawer bottoms – not always the case with prefinished furniture.

Now, as in the past, doweled and dovetailed drawer joints indicate a high degree of craftsmanship. However, modern machine technology, good bonding glue and pneumatically driven staples coated with resin have afforded savings in construction while providing durability.

Quality wood furniture purchased today can be used for a lifetime. Ask us to show you other things to look for and the many benefits you’ll find in solid wood furniture.

At Country Woods, our specialty is WOOD FURNITURE. We’re your “ready-to-finish” dealer, experts who know wood and its characteristics. If you have any questions about choosing or finishing wood, please ask.
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